Fabrication, falsification and plagiarism
We briefly look at the three ‘evils’ of research which are fabrication, falsification and plagiarism. Although research is the driving force for innovations and technological advancement in the world and these innovations and advancements have propelled various dynamic, substantial, and comprehensible social changes, there are instances where these scientific contributions are clouded by scientific misconduct (Poduthase, Garza and Wood 2018).
In the policy proposed by the U.S. Office of Science and Technology Policy, scientific misconduct is defined as fabrication, falsification, and plagiarism (FFP), specifically in proposing, performing, or reviewing research, or in reporting research results.
The opposite of integrity occurs when there is a manipulation of research materials, equipment or processes or changing or omitting data or results such that the research is not accurately represented in the research record. It is about controlling or influencing a person or a situation cleverly or unscrupulously (Poduthase, Garza and Wood 2018).