Further reading and learning

Blogs and videos

TEDx talk by Caren Cooper: Citizen Science - Everybody Counts

National Science Foundation: Pick Your Passion with Citizen Science

University of Minnesota: What is citizen science?

Arnstein’s Ladder of Participation: Arnstein, S.R., 1969. A ladder of citizen participation. Journal of the American Institute of planners, 35(4), pp.216-224.

Muki Haklay's blog on levels of participation

Academic texts and papers

The paper that came before the "5C's" paper is: Cooper, Caren B., et al. “Citizen Science as a Tool for Conservation in Residential Ecosystems.” Ecology and Society, vol. 12, no. 2, 2007. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/26267884.

The “5C’s” paper: Shirk, J. L., H. L. Ballard, C. C. Wilderman, T. Phillips, A. Wiggins, R. Jordan, E. McCallie, M. Minarchek, B. V. Lewenstein, M. E. Krasny, and R. Bonney. 2012. Public participation in scientific research: a framework for deliberate design. Ecology and Society 17(2): 29.

The CAISE report: Bonney, R., Ballard, H., Jordan, R., McCallie, E., Phillips, T., Shirk, J. and Wilderman, C.C., 2009. Public Participation in Scientific Research: Defining the Field and Assessing Its Potential for Informal Science Education. A CAISE Inquiry Group Report. Online Submission.

Haklay's paper on levels of participation, "Citizen science and volunteered geographic information: Overview and typology of participation" is here. The full reference is Haklay, M., 2013, Citizen Science and Volunteered Geographic Information – overview and typology of participation in Sui, D.Z., Elwood, S. and M.F. Goodchild (eds.), 2013. Crowdsourcing Geographic Knowledge: Volunteered Geographic Information (VGI) in Theory and Practice . Berlin: Springer. pp 105-122 DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-4587-2_7.

Another set of typologies: Pocock MJO, Tweddle JC, Savage J, Robinson LD, Roy HE (2017) The diversity and evolution of ecological and environmental citizen science. PLoS ONE 12(4): e0172579. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0172579

In the discipline of Geography, the term "Volunteered Geographic Information" or VGI is often used, and this paper is a good introduction: See, L.; Mooney, P.; Foody, G.; Bastin, L.; Comber, A.; Estima, J.; Fritz, S.; Kerle, N.; Jiang, B.; Laakso, M.; Liu, H.-Y.; Milčinski, G.; Nikšič, M.; Painho, M.; Pődör, A.; Olteanu-Raimond, A.-M.; Rutzinger, M. Crowdsourcing, Citizen Science or Volunteered Geographic Information? The Current State of Crowdsourced Geographic Information. ISPRS Int. J. Geo-Inf. 2016, 5, 55.

For a detailed look at crowdsourcing processes: Geiger, David; Seedorf, Stefan; Schulze, Thimo; Nickerson, Robert C.; and Schader, Martin, "Managing the Crowd: Towards a Taxonomy of Crowdsourcing Processes" (2011). 

For citizen science literature in general: The journal of Citizen Science Theory and Practice