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Citizen Science for Journalists: Sources for the material in the course | ECS Academy
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Sources for the material in the course

Completion requirements
We have used a wider range of sources for the material in this training unit. The list below is organised according to the sections of the unit. 

Section 1: Citizen Science in Five Stories 

This section is based on information from multiple sources. The purpose of this section is to provide more details, in case that you would like to learn more about these issues:

Story 1 - Come Rain or Shine

Information and images were provided by the report "Volunteers for Weather, Climate and Water" by the World Meteorological Organization, report WMO-919 from 2001. Further information about the UK Met Office WOW was provided from the Met Office WOW brochure "Get Involved and join our WOW community" (2017).

Story 2 - Observing the first satellites

This section is based on Wikipedia articles about the International Geophysical Year,  Fred L. Whipple. , Operation Moonshot, and Sputnik. There is another great source  on Moonwatch at 

Dickinson, D. 2013. Citizen Science, Old-School Style: The True Tale of Operation Moonwatch  https://www.universetoday.com/100744/citizen-science-old-school-style-the-true-tale-of-operation-moonwatch/ 

And in a more academic version in

 McCray, W. 2006. Amateur Scientists, the International Geophysical Year, and the Ambitions of Fred Whipple. Isis, 97(4), 634-658. doi:10.1086/509947

Story 3 -  From buckets of resistance to balloon recording of oil spill 

Sources about Louisiana Bucket Brigade are:

Mack, L. 2013. Anne Rolfes - Interview with the founder of Louisiana Bucket, MyNewOrleans.com https://www.myneworleans.com/anne-rolfes/

Stoll, S.L., 2017. 6 Ways Citizens Across the U.S. Are Using Science to Build a Better World, Yes! Magazine, Spring 2017 https://www.yesmagazine.org/issue/science/2017/02/28/6-ways-citizens-across-the-us-are-using-science-to-build-a-better-world

Louisianna Bucket Brigade, 2021. About the bucket https://labucketbrigade.org/pollution-tools-resources/the-bucket/

Wikipedia 2021. Communities for a Better Environment. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communities_for_a_Better_Environment

POV, 2002. The Bucket Brigade. http://archive.pov.org/fenceline/the-bucket-brigade/

Public Lab, 2021. About us https://publiclab.org/about

Story 4 -  Chris, Kevin, and Hanny and the Galaxies

The sources about Galaxy Zoo are:

Adams, T. 2012. Galaxy Zoo and the new dawn of citizen science https://www.theguardian.com/science/2012/mar/18/galaxy-zoo-crowdsourcing-citizen-scientists

Gray, R. 2017. Galaxy Zoo: Citizen science trailblazer marks tenth birthday https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-40558759 

Wikipedia 2021.  Galaxy Zoo https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galaxy_Zoo

Story 5 - Patient, heal yourself! Patients monitoring and self-management

More about Sara Riggare on her website https://www.riggare.se/about/

Section 2: terminology and classification 

Sources – Part A

Citizen Science

Bonney, R. (1996). Citizen science: A lab tradition. Living Bird 15(4): 7–15.

Haklay, M., Motion, A., Balázs, B., Kieslinger, B., Greshake Tzovaras, B., Nold, C., … Wehn, U. (2020, April 1). ECSA's Characteristics of Citizen Science. Zenodo. http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3758668

Haklay, M., Dörler, D., Heigl, F., Manzoni, M., Hecker, S., Vohland, K. (2021). What Is Citizen Science? The Challenges of Definition. In K. Vohland, A. Land-Zandstra, L. Ceccaroni, R. Lemmens, J. Perelló, M. Ponti, R. Samson, K. Wagenknecht (Eds.), The Science of Citizen Science (pp. 13–34). Springer. http://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-58278-4

Irwin, A. (1995). Citizen Science: A study of people, expertise and sustainable development. London: Routledge.

Oxford English Dictionary. (2014). Citizen science. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

 From citizen science to community science and back and Citizen scientists, volunteers…?

Cooper, C. B., Hawn, C. L., Larson, L. R., Parrish, J. K., Bowser, G., Cavalier, D., Dunn, R. R., Haklay, M., Gupta, K. K., Jelks, N. O., Johnson, V. A., Katti, M., Leggett, Z., Wilson, O. R., Wilson, S. (2021). Inclusion in citizen science: The conundrum of rebranding. Science, 372(6549), 1386-1388. DOI: http://doi.org/10.1126/science.abi6487  

Dosemagen, S. (2020) Exploring the Roots: The Evolution of Civic and Community Science. Available at: https://sdosemagen.medium.com/exploring-the-roots-the-evolution-of-civic-and-community-science-80dd899335cb

Eitzel, M. V., Cappadonna, J. L., Santos-Lang, C., Duerr, R. E., Virapongse, A., West, S. E., … Jiang, Q. (2017). Citizen Science Terminology Matters: Exploring Key Terms. Citizen Science: Theory and Practice, 2(1), 1. DOI: http://doi.org/10.5334/cstp.96

Haklay M., Mazumdar S., Wardlaw J. (2018) Citizen Science for Observing and Understanding the Earth. In: Mathieu PP., Aubrecht C. (eds) Earth Observation Open Science and Innovation. ISSI Scientific Report Series, vol 15. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-65633-5_4

 Open Science

DITOs consortium, (2017). Citizen Science and Open Science: Synergies and Future Areas of Work. DITOs policy brief 3.Available at: https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10043574/

OECD (2017) ‘Making open science a reality’, OECD Science, Technology and Industry Policy Papers. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1787/5jrs2f963zs1-en

Vohland, K. & Göbel, C. (2017). Open Science und Citizen Science als symbiotische  Beziehung?. TATuP Zeitschrift für Technikfolgenabschätzung in Theorie und Praxis, [online] 26(1-2), p. 18-24. https://doi.org/10.14512/tatup.26.1-2.18

Wikipedia (2021). Open Science. Available at: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_science

 Sources – Part B

This part draws heavily on the “Citizen Science Typologies” training module on Moodle that has been designed by members of the Extreme Citizen Science (ExCiteS) research group at University College London (UCL) and is available here: https://moodle.eu-citizen.science/course/view.php?id=12

Haklay M. (2013) Citizen Science and Volunteered Geographic Information: Overview and Typology of Participation. In: Sui D., Elwood S., Goodchild M. (eds) Crowdsourcing Geographic Knowledge. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-4587-2_7    

Haklay M., Mazumdar S., Wardlaw J. (2018) Citizen Science for Observing and Understanding the Earth. In: Mathieu PP., Aubrecht C. (eds) Earth Observation Open Science and Innovation. ISSI Scientific Report Series, vol 15. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-65633-5_4

Section 3: Challenges and Opportunities in Citizen Science

This section is based on information from multiple sources. The purpose of this section is to provide more details, in case that you would like to learn more about these issues:

Data Quality 
See the section on additional information on data quality where you will find additional information. 

Motivation
The main source for this section is a report by Hilary Geoghegan and her colleagues provides a comprehensive analysis of motivation within environmental citizen science. 
Geoghegan, H., Dyke, A., Pateman, R., West, S. & Everett, G. (2016) Understanding motivations for citizen science. Final report on behalf of UKEOF, University of Reading, Stockholm Environment Institute (University of York) and the University of the West of England.

Benefits of participation
The sources for this section are the following:

For the report on the number of participants in the 2021 Big Garden Birdwatch, see  

https://www.discoverwildlife.com/news/majority-of-garden-bird-species-recorded-in-the-big-garden-birdwatch-2021-suffer-decline/ 

There are many sources about the level of education in different countries, and for the up to date statistics we used https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_tertiary_education_attainment 

The section mentions an analysis of participation in environmental citizen science, and this is available at  Pateman, R. M., Dyke, A., & West, S. E. (2021). The Diversity of Participants in Environmental Citizen Science. Citizen Science: Theory and Practice. 

The section also used information from Haklay, M. (2018). Participatory citizen science. In Haklay M., Hecker S., Bowser A., Makuch Z., Vogel J., & Bonn A. (Eds.), Citizen Science: Innovation in Open Science, Society and Policy (pp. 52-62). London: UCL Press. Retrieved June 10, 2021, from http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctv550cf2.11

Section 4: Social, Economic and Political Impacts 

The sources that were used for this section are: 

Scientific impact

Jackson, M., & Manning, P. (n.d.). The next invasion of insect pests will be discovered via social media. The Conversation. Retrieved 31 May 2021, from http://theconversation.com/the-next-invasion-of-insect-pests-will-be-discovered-via-social-media-143527
Galaxy Zoo: Citizen science trailblazer marks tenth birthday. (2017, July 10). BBC News. https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-40558759
Citizen scientists deserve more credit, researchers argue. (n.d.). ScienceDaily. Retrieved 16 June 2021, from https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2019/12/191203093028.htm
Masterson, rew, & Public, S. in. (n.d.). Citizen scientists deserve more credit, researchers argue. Retrieved 16 June 2021, from https://phys.org/news/2019-12-citizen-scientists-credit.html

Societal impact
Tomorrow’s Cities: How Barcelona shushed noise-makers with sensors. (2018, June 2). BBC News. https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-41015486

Political impact
Pecl, G., Gillies, C., Sbrocchi, C., & Roetman, P. (2015). Building Australia through citizen science. An Occasional Paper for the Office of Chief Scientist. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.1.1744.8409
Fraisl, D., Campbell, J., See, L., Wehn, U., Wardlaw, J., Gold, M., Moorthy, I., Arias, R., Piera, J., Oliver, J. L., Masó, J., Penker, M., & Fritz, S. (2020). Mapping citizen science contributions to the UN sustainable development goals. Sustainability Science, 15(6), 1735–1751. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11625-020-00833-7
Fritz, S., See, L., Carlson, T., Haklay, M. (Muki), Oliver, J. L., Fraisl, D., Mondardini, R., Brocklehurst, M., Shanley, L. A., Schade, S., Wehn, U., Abrate, T., Anstee, J., Arnold, S., Billot, M., Campbell, J., Espey, J., Gold, M., Hager, G., … West, S. (2019). Citizen science and the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. Nature Sustainability, 2(10), 922–930. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41893-019-0390-3

Raising awareness
Citizen Science—Engaging and Empowering Local Communities | Oxfam in Asia. (n.d.). Retrieved 31 May 2021, from https://asia.oxfam.org/latest/policy-paper/citizen-science-engaging-and-empowering-local-communities
Saunders, M. E., Roger, E., Geary, W. L., Meredith, F., Welbourne, D. J., Bako, A., Canavan, E., Herro, F., Herron, C., Hung, O., Kunstler, M., Lin, J., Ludlow, N., Paton, M., Salt, S., Simpson, T., Wang, A., Zimmerman, N., Drews, K. B., Moles, A. T. (2018). Citizen science in schools: Engaging students in research on urban habitat for pollinators. Austral Ecology, 43(6), 635–642. https://doi.org/10.1111/aec.12608
Randi Wallmichrath. (2018). Science with and for Society—Success Stories (p. 28). German Aerospace Center DLR Project Management Agency. https://www.sisnetwork.eu/media/sisnet/SiS_net_Success_Stories_Booklet.pdf




Last modified: Friday, 1 October 2021, 3:09 PM
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